[CIS-PAGID] Common Variable Immunodeficiency patient with CNS lesion

[Dewton Vasconcelos]

Thank you very much for your input.

We are following up another 25 years old "CVID" patient with an ALPS 
phenotype and Evans syndrome, who improved of her infections and 
autoimmune hematologic manifestations on IVIg but recently (two weeks 
ago) began to present trigeminal neuropathy followed by ipsilateral arm 
paresthesia and evidence of cerebral vasculitis. We didn´t find any 
herpesvirus family virus, and we are awaiting the PCRs for the other 
viruses.
Despite the fact that our patient is not severe as Dr. Campos case, it 
seems very similar.

Thank you very much.

All the best,

Dewton

Dr. Carsten Speckmann wrote:

>  A patient published by Jan Rohr et al. in Haematologica had a 

> similiar history of "CVID" diagnosis in adulthood (32y) acompanied by 

> atypical cerebral vascultis. This patient  developed fatal HLH at 34y 

> (first episode) and was eventually diagnosed with FHL3 (UNC13D). There 

> also have been reports on Perforin deficient patients with 

> vasculitis-like lesions in the brain. You said CSF was normal which 

> might argue against a FHL variant but this might depend on the 

> timepoint of investigation. Degranulation assays (CD107) of CTL and NK 

> and perforin stains might be something to consider in your patient. 

> Kind regards, Carsten

>

>

> Am 07.08.11 23:36, schrieb dmvascon at usp.br:

>> I am writing to discuss about a patient my colleague Regis Campos is 

>> following in Bahia, Brazil.

>>

>> A 37-year-old female with diagnosis of Common Variable 

>> Immunodeficiency was made in October 2010 after a pneumonia and 

>> seizure without further neurologic symptoms. Her serum immunoglobulin 

>> were low (IgG : 46mg/dl; IgM: 46 mg/dl; IgA: 12 mg/dl) and had a long 

>> history of recurrent respiratory infections in the last four years, 

>> mainly sinusitis and six episodes of pneumonia.

>>

>> Ten years ago she had a diagnosis of hemolytic anemia which was 

>> treated with Prednisone but was under control without use of 

>> medication in the last year.

>>

>> She performed a MRI of the brain in September 2010 which showed a 

>> left periventricular lesion with involvement mostly of the Thalamus 

>> and scattered subcortical lesions. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis 

>> was normal. It was not found CMV, Mycobacterium, EBV or herpes 

>> infection. She received an empirical treatment to cerebral 

>> toxoplasmosis but had an allergic reaction to the treatment and there 

>> is no change in the MRI lesion. She was released taking Dapsone and 

>> diphenylhidantoine.

>>

>> Immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes 

>> demonstrated 1% B cells (CD19) with normal percentages of CD3+, 

>> CD3CD4+ and CD3CD8+ T cells but with a slight reduction on absolute 

>> counts of CD4 T cells (487 mm3) and CD3 cells (898 mm3; reference 

>> values: 1000 ? 3900).

>>

>> She started IVIG treatment in November 2010. She improved and stopped 

>> having recurrent respiratory infections.

>>

>> In December 2010, she had an allergic skin reaction which was 

>> suspected to be due to diphenylhidantoine or Dapsone and both 

>> treatment were suspended. She received a short course of one week of 

>> Prednisone with improvement of the skin reaction and started taking 

>> Topiramate for seizures prevention.

>>

>> She was doing well, when in March 2011, she developed a left ptosis 

>> and another CNS MRI showed an extension of the lesion to the 

>> mesencephalon and also a spleen and liver enlargement.  She went a 

>> hematology consultation looking for lymphoma. It was not found any 

>> evidence of hematologic involvement. A liver biopsy was not 

>> conclusive, without granulomatous lesions or lymphoma infiltration.

>>

>> The neurologic status got worse and the patient was admitted to the 

>> hospital in June 12th 2011. She developed right hemiparesis and 

>> worsened the palpebral ptosis with some periods of disorientation. 

>> There were no signs of laboratory infection and the CSF was normal. A 

>> new CNS MRI showed an extension of the lesion close to the thalamus 

>> and also a lesion in the cervical spinal cord. The patient had also a 

>> gait involvement.

>>

>> She started on Dexamethasone and took 1,0 g of methylprednisolone for 

>> five days with a transient improvement in June 2011. She performed a 

>> brain biopsy with did not show lymphoma and only signals of T and B 

>> cells, however the neurosurgeon did reach only the periphery of the 

>> lesion.

>>

>> She worsened the neurologic picture and two weeks after the 

>> methylprednisolone pulse, she took Cyclophosphamide.  Without 

>> improvement, another brain biopsy was performed in July 25th 2011 

>> which showed unspecific encephalitis plenty of plasma cells, CD19 B 

>> cells and CD3 T cells into the vessels with a diagnosis of vasculitis.

>>

>> In July 29th, she took a new pulse of methylprednisolone for three 

>> days.  In the last week, she did not improve also showing fever and 

>> mental confusion.

>>

>> What do you think we should do to improve her clinical features? Do 

>> you think that rituximab could be a good option?

>>

>> Thank you very much for your opinions.

>>

>> Dewton de Moraes Vasconcelos

>> Regis de Albuquerque Campos

>>

>

>

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